Region
Europe
Europe, as today's map draws it. The atlas places 290,534 events here, from the earliest records to our own day: the most significant follow, era by era, with the civilizations at home here and their wonders, trade routes, faiths and great people.
- 290,534 events
- 13 civilizations
Civilizations through time
Our civilizations at home here; culture spheres outlinedEvents by era
The most significant of each era, with its centuries3500 – 1001 BCE72 events
- Minoan eruption16th century BCE · Natural disaster16th century BCE
- British Bronze Age2600 – 700 BCE · Event2600 – 700 BCE
- Battle of the Tollense River1250 BCE · Battle1250 BCE
- Avellino eruption2nd millennium BCE · Natural disaster2nd millennium BCE
- Closure of Stonehenge1400 BCE · Collapse1400 BCE
- Founding of Stonehenge30th century – 19th century BCE · Founding30th century – 19th century BCE
35th century BCE34th century BCE33rd century BCE32nd century BCE31st century BCE30th century BCE29th century BCE28th century BCE27th century BCE26th century BCE25th century BCE24th century BCE23rd century BCE22nd century BCE21st century BCE20th century BCE19th century BCE18th century BCE17th century BCE16th century BCE15th century BCE14th century BCE13th century BCE12th century BCE11th century BCEMore on the atlas
1000 – 501 BCE170 events
- founding of Rome21 April 753 BCE · Event21 April 753 BCE
- Roman calendar753 – 46 BCE · Event753 – 46 BCE
- Lelantine War710 – 650 BCE · War710 – 650 BCE
- Greek-Punic Wars580 – 265 BCE · War580 – 265 BCE
- British Iron Age800 BCE – 43 CE · Event800 BCE – 43 CE
- Isthmian Games582 BCE · Event582 BCE
10th century BCE9th century BCE8th century BCE7th century BCE6th century BCEMore on the atlas
500 – 1 BCE960 events
- Battle of Thermopylae480 BCE · Battle480 BCE
- Peloponnesian War431 – 404 BCE · War431 – 404 BCE
- Punic Wars264 – 146 BCE · War264 – 146 BCE
- Greco-Persian Wars499 – 449 BCE · War499 – 449 BCE
- Battle of Marathon490 BCE · Battle490 BCE
- assassination of Julius Caesar15 March 44 BCE · Attack15 March 44 BCE
5th century BCE4th century BCE3rd century BCE2nd century BCE1st century BCEMore on the atlas
1 – 500 CE940 events
- fall of the western Roman Empire476 CE · Event476 CE
- eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 7979 CE · Natural disaster79 CE
- 410 sack of Rome24 August 410 CE · Attack24 August 410 CE
- Battle of the Teutoburg ForestSeptember 9 CE · BattleSeptember 9 CE
- Crisis of the Third Century235 – 284 CE · Event235 – 284 CE
- Battle of the Maureaco Fields20 June 451 CE · Battle20 June 451 CE
1st century CE2nd century CE3rd century CE4th century CE5th century CEMore on the atlas
501 – 1000 CE2,530 events
- Reconquista722 – 1492 CE · War722 – 1492 CE
- Umayyad conquest of Hispania711 – 726 CE · Conquest711 – 726 CE
- Romanesque art1000 – 12th century · Event1000 – 12th century
- Battle of Tours10 October 732 CE · Battle10 October 732 CE
- Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin9th century – 10th century CE · Event9th century – 10th century CE
- Gothic War of 535–554535 – 554 CE · War535 – 554 CE
6th century CE7th century CE8th century CE9th century CE10th century CEMore on the atlas
1001 – 150033,332 events
- Renaissance14th century – 17th century · Event14th century – 17th century
- Hundred Years' War1337 – 1453 · War1337 – 1453
- Battle of Hastings14 October 1066 · Battle14 October 1066
- Norman conquest of England1066 – 1075 · Event1066 – 1075
- Peasants' Revolt of 138130 May 1381 · Rebellion30 May 1381
- Fourth Crusade1202 – 1204 · War1202 – 1204
11th century12th century13th century14th century15th centuryMore on the atlas
1501 – 180053,288 events
- French Revolution1789 – 1799 · Rebellion1789 – 1799
- Age of Enlightenment17th century – 19th century · Event17th century – 19th century
- Thirty Years' War1618 – 1648 · War1618 – 1648
- pound sterling27 July 1694 · Event27 July 1694
- Great Fire of London2 September 1666 · Event2 September 1666
- Battle of Vienna12 September 1683 · Battle12 September 1683
1801 – 190055,050 events
1901 – 2000109,514 events
Since 200134,678 events
- Brexit31 January 2020 · Event31 January 2020
- Euromaidan2013 – 2014 · Protest2013 – 2014
- Paris Agreement12 December 2015 · Treaty12 December 2015
- War in Donbas2014 – 2022 · Event2014 – 2022
- Russian annexation of Crimea20 February 2014 · Event20 February 2014
- Revolution of Dignity2013 – 2014 · Rebellion2013 – 2014
Wonders
Standing here, or once- Built c. 2600 – 2400 BCEStonehengeWiltshire, England
- Built 447 – 432 BCEThe ParthenonAthens, Greece
- Built c. 435 BCEThe Statue of Zeus at OlympiaOlympia, Greece
- Built 72 – 80 CEThe ColosseumRome, Italy
- Built 1163 – 1260Notre-Dame de ParisParis, France
- Built 1173 – 1372The Leaning Tower of PisaPisa, Italy
- Built 1555 – 1561Saint Basil's CathedralMoscow, Russia
- Built 1714The Church of the Transfiguration, KizhiKizhi Island, Karelia, Russia
- Built 1887 – 1889The Eiffel TowerParis, France
Trade routes
With stops in the region- Champagne fairsc. 1150 – 1320 · by land, sea and river · Genoa, Asti, Susa and 14 morec. 1150 – 1320
- Venetian galley convoysc. 1315 – 1533 · by sea · Venice, Zara, Ragusa and 12 morec. 1315 – 1533
- Via Regiac. 800 CE – 1815 · by land · Mainz, Frankfurt, Fulda and 8 morec. 800 CE – 1815
- Via Egnatiac. 146 BCE – 1453 CE · by land · Dyrrachium, Scampa, Lychnidos and 7 morec. 146 BCE – 1453 CE
- Amber Roadc. 1 CE – 400 CE · by land · Sambia, Calisia, Carnuntum and 7 morec. 1 CE – 400 CE
- Route from the Varangians to the Greeksc. 800 CE – 1100 · by sea and river · Visby, Ladoga, Novgorod and 7 morec. 800 CE – 1100
- Hanseatic tradec. 1159 – 1669 · by land, sea and river · Novgorod, Ladoga, Kotlin Island and 7 morec. 1159 – 1669
- Tin route through Gaulc. 600 BCE – 51 BCE · by land and sea · Ictis, Corbilo, Cenabum and 5 morec. 600 BCE – 51 BCE
- Muscovy Company trade1555 – 1698 · by land, sea and river · London, Arkhangelsk, Kholmogory and 4 more1555 – 1698
- Tea Roadc. 1727 – 1905 · by land and river · Kyakhta, Irkutsk, Tomsk and 4 morec. 1727 – 1905
- Northern Sea Route1932 – today · by sea · Murmansk, Kara Gate, Dikson and 4 more1932 – today
- Roman grain supplyc. 123 BCE – 439 CE · by sea and river · Fair Havens, Syracuse, Rhegium and 3 morec. 123 BCE – 439 CE
- Baltic grain tradec. 1400 – 1800 · by sea and river · Warsaw, Thorn, Danzig and 3 morec. 1400 – 1800
- Volga trade routec. 780 CE – 1050 · by land, sea and river · Ladoga, Novgorod, Timerevo and 2 morec. 780 CE – 1050
- Old Salt Routec. 1150 – 1600 · by land and river · Lüneburg, Artlenburg, Mölln and 2 morec. 1150 – 1600
- Phoenician sea tradec. 1200 BCE – 332 BCE · by sea · Motya, Nora, Ebusus and Gadirc. 1200 BCE – 332 BCE
- Genoese Black Sea tradec. 1266 – 1475 · by sea · Genoa, Messina, Caffa and Tanac. 1266 – 1475
- Atlantic slave trade1525 – 1867 · by sea · Liverpool, Nantes, Bristol and Lisbon1525 – 1867
- Spanish treasure fleet1566 – 1790 · by sea and river · Seville, Sanlúcar de Barrameda and Cádiz1566 – 1790
- Suez Canal Route1869 – today · by sea and river · London, Gibraltar and Rotterdam1869 – today
- Steppe Routec. 2000 BCE – 600 CE · by land · Tanais and Pazyrykc. 2000 BCE – 600 CE
- Levant Company trade1581 – 1825 · by land and sea · London and Cádiz1581 – 1825
- Canadian fur trade routesc. 1610 – 1880 · by sea and river · Stromness and Londonc. 1610 – 1880
- Radhanite route via the Red Seac. 700 CE – 950 CE · by land and sea · Arlesc. 700 CE – 950 CE
- Radhanite route via Baghdadc. 762 CE – 950 CE · by land, sea and river · Arlesc. 762 CE – 950 CE
- Spice tradec. 1200 – 1500 · by land, sea and river · Venicec. 1200 – 1500
- Carreira da Índiac. 1497 – 1800 · by sea · Lisbonc. 1497 – 1800
- East India Company Route1601 – 1833 · by sea · London1601 – 1833
- Dutch East India Company Route1611 – 1799 · by sea · Texel1611 – 1799
- Black Ball Linec. 1818 – 1878 · by sea · Liverpoolc. 1818 – 1878
- Clipper Routec. 1850 – 1939 · by sea · Londonc. 1850 – 1939
Faiths that came here
Each from its first arrival- JudaismReached Rome (c. 139 BCE), Sefarad (Toledo) (c. 300 CE), Khazaria (Atil) (c. 740 CE) and 8 more
- ChristianityReached Rome (c. 49 CE), Corinth (c. 50 CE), Paris (c. 250 CE) and 21 more
- ManichaeismReached Rome (c. 280 CE)
- IslamReached al-Andalus (Córdoba) (711 CE), Granada (c. 713 CE), Sicily (Palermo) (831 CE) and 6 more
- BuddhismReached Kalmykia (Elista) (c. 1630), Buryatia (Ulan-Ude) (c. 1712) and London (1907)
- ZoroastrianismReached London (1861)
- Bahá'í FaithReached Paris (1898)
- SikhismReached London (1911)
- HinduismReached Leicester (c. 1968)
- JainismReached Leicester (c. 1970)
Great people
Of its civilizations, in the halls of the Agora of Ages- fl. c. 8th century BCEHomerThe Iliad, The OdysseyWriters & Poets
- c. 624 – 546 BCEThales of MiletusFirst of the Seven Sages; natural philosophyGreek Philosophers
- c. 570 – 495 BCEPythagorasMathematics, harmony, the Pythagorean schoolGreek Philosophers
- c. 535 – 475 BCEHeraclitus'Everything flows'; the logosGreek Philosophers
- c. 470 – 399 BCESocratesAthenian philosopher; the Socratic methodGreek Philosophers
- c. 460 – 370 BCEDemocritusAtomic theory of matterGreek Philosophers
- c. 428 – 348 BCEPlatoFounder of the Academy; theory of FormsGreek Philosophers
- c. 412 – 323 BCEDiogenes of SinopeCynic philosopher who lived in a storage jarGreek Philosophers
- Aristotle384 – 322 BCE · Founder of the Lyceum; logic, biology, ethics384 – 322 BCE
- Alexander the Great356 – 323 BCE · King of Macedon; conquered the Persian Empire356 – 323 BCE
- Epicurus341 – 270 BCE · Founder of Epicureanism; the Garden341 – 270 BCE
- Zeno of Citiumc. 334 – 262 BCE · Founder of Stoicismc. 334 – 262 BCE
- Archimedesc. 287 – 212 BCE · Mathematician and engineer of Syracuse; the screw, levers, buoyancyc. 287 – 212 BCE
- Scipio Africanus236 – 183 BCE · Roman general; defeated Hannibal at Zama (202 BCE)236 – 183 BCE
- Julius Caesar100 – 44 BCE · Dictator; conqueror of Gaul; ended the Republic100 – 44 BCE
- Virgil70 – 19 BCE · The Aeneid70 – 19 BCE
- Augustus63 BCE – 14 CE · First emperor (r. 27 BCE–14 CE)63 BCE – 14 CE
- Claudius10 BCE – 54 CE · Emperor 41–54; conquest of Britain10 BCE – 54 CE
- Vespasian9 – 79 CE · Emperor 69–79; founder of the Flavian dynasty, began the Colosseum9 – 79 CE
- Trajan53 – 117 CE · Emperor 98–117; empire at its greatest extent53 – 117 CE
- Hadrian76 – 138 CE · Emperor 117–138; rebuilt the Pantheon, built Hadrian's Wall76 – 138 CE
- Marcus Aurelius121 – 180 CE · Emperor 161–180; Stoic philosopher, 'Meditations'121 – 180 CE
- Diocletianc. 244 – 311 CE · Emperor 284–305; the Tetrarchyc. 244 – 311 CE
- Constantine the Greatc. 272 – 337 CE · Emperor 306–337; Constantinople, Edict of Milanc. 272 – 337 CE
- Justinian Ic. 482 – 565 CE · Eastern emperor 527–565; Corpus Juris Civilis, Hagia Sophiac. 482 – 565 CE
- Leif Eriksonc. 970 – c. 1020 CE · Norse explorer; reached Vinland (North America) c. 1000c. 970 – c. 1020 CE
- Dante Alighieric. 1265 – 1321 · The Divine Comedyc. 1265 – 1321
- Giotto di Bondonec. 1267 – 1337 · Proto-Renaissance painter; Scrovegni Chapelc. 1267 – 1337
- Filippo Brunelleschi1377 – 1446 · Architect of the Florence Cathedral dome; linear perspective1377 – 1446
- Donatelloc. 1386 – 1466 · Sculptor; bronze Davidc. 1386 – 1466
- Jan van Eyckc. 1390 – 1441 · Early Netherlandish painter; Ghent Altarpiecec. 1390 – 1441
- Johannes Gutenbergc. 1400 – 1468 · Movable-type printing pressc. 1400 – 1468
- Sandro Botticellic. 1445 – 1510 · Painter; The Birth of Venus, Primaverac. 1445 – 1510
- Christopher Columbus1451 – 1506 · Transatlantic voyages of 1492–15041451 – 1506
- Leonardo da Vinci1452 – 1519 · Painter, engineer, polymath; Mona Lisa, The Last Supper1452 – 1519
- Vasco da Gamac. 1469 – 1524 · First sea route from Europe to India (1498); buried at Jerónimosc. 1469 – 1524
- Albrecht Dürer1471 – 1528 · Painter and printmaker of the German Renaissance1471 – 1528
- Michelangelo1475 – 1564 · Sculptor, painter, architect; David, the Sistine ceiling, St Peter's dome1475 – 1564
- Ferdinand Magellan1480 – 1521 · Led the first circumnavigation expedition1480 – 1521
- Raphael1483 – 1520 · Painter and architect; The School of Athens1483 – 1520
- Titianc. 1488 – 1576 · Venetian painter; master of colourc. 1488 – 1576
- Johannes Kepler1571 – 1630 · Laws of planetary motion1571 – 1630
- Johann Sebastian Bach1685 – 1750 · Baroque master; fugues, cantatas, the Passions1685 – 1750
- George Frideric Handel1685 – 1759 · Oratorios and operas; Messiah1685 – 1759
- Joseph Haydn1732 – 1809 · 'Father of the symphony' and of the string quartet1732 – 1809
- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe1749 – 1832 · Faust, The Sorrows of Young Werther1749 – 1832
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart1756 – 1791 · Operas, symphonies, concertos; Requiem1756 – 1791
- Ludwig van Beethoven1770 – 1827 · Nine symphonies; bridge from Classical to Romantic1770 – 1827
- Leo Tolstoy1828 – 1910 · War and Peace, Anna Karenina1828 – 1910
- Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky1840 – 1893 · Ballets, symphonies, concertos1840 – 1893








