Century
13th century
The years 1201 – 1300. The atlas records 9,090 events begun in them: the most significant follow, region by region, with the realms of the age and its wonders, trade routes, faiths and great people.
- 1201 – 1300
- 9,090 events
- 30 realms
- Realms with a page of their own
- Others the atlas draws, from Cliopatria
Headlines
The most significant events, wherever they happened- 1202 – 1204Fourth CrusadeWar · Europe
- 1209 – 1229Albigensian CrusadeWar · Europe
- 1213 – 1221Fifth CrusadeWar · Middle East
- 1228 – 1229Sixth CrusadeWar · Middle East
- 1248 – 1254Seventh CrusadeWar · North Africa
- 18 July 1270Eighth CrusadeSiege · North Africa
- 8 April 1204Siege of ConstantinopleSiege · Middle East
- 1223 – 1240Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus'Conquest · Central Asia
Around the world
The most significant of the rest, in each regionNorth Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
Middle East
- Ninth Crusade1271 – 1272 · War1271 – 1272
- Siege of Acre4 April 1291 · Siege4 April 1291
- Siege of Baghdad29 January 1258 · Siege29 January 1258
- Byzantine–Ottoman wars1265 – 1479 · War1265 – 1479
- pasha13th century – 1953 · Event13th century – 1953
- Battle of Ain Jalut3 September 1260 · Battle3 September 1260
Europe
- Battle of the Ice5 April 1242 · Battle5 April 1242
- Wars of Scottish Independence1296 – 1357 · War1296 – 1357
- First War of Scottish Independence1296 – 1328 · War1296 – 1328
- Sicilian Vespers28 April 1282 · Rebellion28 April 1282
- Battle of Stirling Bridge11 September 1297 · Battle11 September 1297
- Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa16 July 1212 · Battle16 July 1212
Central Asia
- Mongol invasions and conquests1206 – 1337 · War1206 – 1337
- Mongol invasion of Khwarazmian Empire and Eastern Iran1219 – 1221 · War1219 – 1221
- division of the Mongol Empire1259 – 1294 · Event1259 – 1294
- Toluid Civil War1260 – 1264 · War1260 – 1264
- Mongol invasion of Central Asia1216 – 1221 · War1216 – 1221
- destruction under the Mongol Empire13th century · Attack13th century
South Asia
East Asia
- Mongol invasions of Japan1274 – 1281 · Conquest1274 – 1281
- Battle of Yamen19 March 1279 · Battle19 March 1279
- Mongol invasion of China1205 – 1279 · War1205 – 1279
- Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty1211 – 1234 · War1211 – 1234
- Mongol conquest of the Song dynasty1235 – 1279 · Event1235 – 1279
- Jōkyū War1221 · War1221
Southeast Asia
- Battle of Bạch Đằng1288 · Battle1288
- 1257 Samalas eruption1257 · Natural disaster1257
- First Mongol invasion of Burma1277 – 1287 · Conquest1277 – 1287
- Mongol invasion of Java22 January 1293 · Conquest22 January 1293
- Founding of Thailand1238 – 1768 · Founding1238 – 1768
- Founding of Surabaya31 May 1293 · Founding31 May 1293
Mesoamerica and the Caribbean
South America
Realms of the age
Our civilizations alive in these years, by home region. Each track is the century, its bar the realm’s years.Sub-Saharan Africa
Kingdom of Makuria5th century – 1518 CE
Alodia6th century – 1504 CE
Kanem-Bornu Empire11th century – 1900
Mali Empire1235 – 1670
Ethiopian Empire1270 – 1975
Middle East
Abbasid Caliphate750 – 1258 CE
Ottoman Empire1299 – 1922
Europe
Roman Empire27 BCE – 1453 CE
Byzantine Empire285 – 1453 CE
Kievan Rus'882 – 1240 CE
Holy Roman Empire962 – 1806 CE
Central Asia
Mongol Empire1206 – 1368
Golden Horde1243 – 1502
South Asia
Chola dynasty300 BCE – 1279 CE
Delhi Sultanate1206 – 1526
East Asia
Goryeo918 – 1392 CE
Song dynasty960 – 1279 CE
Southeast Asia
Champa192 – 1832 CE
Srivijaya650 – 1377 CE
Khmer Empire802 – 1431 CE
Pagan kingdom849 – 1297 CE
Ly dynasty1009 – 1226
Dai Viet1054 – 1805
Tran dynasty1226 – 1400
Sukhothai Kingdom1238 – 1438
Hanthawaddy Kingdom1287 – 1552
Majapahit1293 – 1527
Mesoamerica and the Caribbean
South America
Chimor850s – 1470s CE
Wonders
Being built, or standingBuilt in these years
- Built c. 1200 – 1220The Church of Saint George, LalibelaLalibela, Ethiopia
- Built c. 1200 – 1400Great ZimbabweMasvingo, Zimbabwe
- Built c. 1250The Great Mosque of DjennéDjenné, Mali
- Built 1163 – 1260Notre-Dame de ParisParis, France
- Built 1173 – 1372The Leaning Tower of PisaPisa, Italy
- Built 1199 – 1220Qutb MinarDelhi, India
- Built c. 1250 – 1500The Moai of Ahu TongarikiRapa Nui, Chile
Standing
- The Pyramids of Gizac. 2600 – 2510 BCE · Giza, Egyptc. 2600 – 2510 BCE
- The Abu Simbel Templesc. 1264 – 1244 BCE · Abu Simbel, Egyptc. 1264 – 1244 BCE
- The Lighthouse of Alexandriac. 292 – 280 BCE · Alexandria, Egyptc. 292 – 280 BCE
- The Obelisk of Axumc. 300 CE · Axum, Ethiopiac. 300 CE
- The Ziggurat of Urc. 2100 – 2050 BCE · Nasiriyah, Iraqc. 2100 – 2050 BCE
- The Ishtar Gatec. 575 – 569 BCE · Pergamon Museum, Berlin, Germanyc. 575 – 569 BCE
- The Mausoleum at Halicarnassusc. 353 – 351 BCE · Bodrum, Turkeyc. 353 – 351 BCE
- Al-Khazneh, Petrac. 1 CE · Petra, Jordanc. 1 CE
- The Dome of the Rock691 – 692 CE · Jerusalem691 – 692 CE
- Stonehengec. 2600 – 2400 BCE · Wiltshire, Englandc. 2600 – 2400 BCE
- The Parthenon447 – 432 BCE · Athens, Greece447 – 432 BCE
- The Colosseum72 – 80 CE · Rome, Italy72 – 80 CE
- Hagia Sophia532 – 537 CE · Istanbul, Turkey532 – 537 CE
- The Great Stupa at Sanchic. 250 – 50 BCE · Sanchi, Indiac. 250 – 50 BCE
- The Brihadisvara Temple1003 – 1010 · Thanjavur, India1003 – 1010
- The Great Wall of Chinac. 221 – 210 BCE · Mutianyu, Beijing, Chinac. 221 – 210 BCE
- The Great Buddha Hall of Tōdai-ji745 – 758 CE · Nara, Japan745 – 758 CE
- Borobudurc. 780 – 833 CE · Magelang, Indonesiac. 780 – 833 CE
- Angkor Watc. 1113 – 1150 · Siem Reap, Cambodiac. 1113 – 1150
- The Temple of Literature1070 · Hanoi, Vietnam1070
- The Pyramid of the Sunc. 200 CE · Teotihuacan, Mexicoc. 200 CE
- Tikal Temple Ic. 734 – 745 CE · Petén, Guatemalac. 734 – 745 CE
- El Castillo, Chichén Itzác. 900 – 1000 CE · Yucatán, Mexicoc. 900 – 1000 CE
- Monks Mound, Cahokiac. 900 – 1200 CE · Collinsville, Illinois, USAc. 900 – 1200 CE
Trade routes
Carrying trade in these years- Genoese Black Sea tradeOpenedc. 1266 – 1475 · by seac. 1266 – 1475
- Via Marisc. 3000 BCE – 1516 CE · by landc. 3000 BCE – 1516 CE
- Grand Trunk Roadc. 500 BCE – today · by landc. 500 BCE – today
- Trans-Saharan tradec. 500 BCE – 1900 CE · by land and riverc. 500 BCE – 1900 CE
- Maritime Silk Roadc. 200 BCE – 1500 CE · by sea and riverc. 200 BCE – 1500 CE
- Darb el-Arbaʽin (Forty Days Road)c. 200 BCE – today · by landc. 200 BCE – today
- Via Egnatiac. 146 BCE – 1453 CE · by landc. 146 BCE – 1453 CE
- Silk Roadc. 130 BCE – 1453 CE · by landc. 130 BCE – 1453 CE
- Grand Canal609 CE – today · by river609 CE – today
- Tea Horse Roadc. 618 CE – 1949 · by landc. 618 CE – 1949
- Via Regiac. 800 CE – 1815 · by landc. 800 CE – 1815
- Maya coastal canoe tradec. 800 CE – 1525 · by seac. 800 CE – 1525
- Swahili coast tradec. 900 CE – 1500 · by land and seac. 900 CE – 1500
- Old Salt Routec. 1150 – 1600 · by land and riverc. 1150 – 1600
- Champagne fairsc. 1150 – 1320 · by land, sea and riverc. 1150 – 1320
- Hanseatic tradec. 1159 – 1669 · by land, sea and riverc. 1159 – 1669
- Spice tradec. 1200 – 1500 · by land, sea and riverc. 1200 – 1500
Faiths on the move
Where each faith arrived in these yearsGreat people
Alive in these years, in the halls of the Agora of Ages- c. 1162 – 1227Genghis KhanFounder of the Mongol EmpireMilitary Commanders
- 1215 – 1294Kublai KhanFounder of the Yuan dynasty (1271); host of Marco PoloChinese Emperors & Sages
- c. 1228 – 1300Trần Hưng ĐạoDefeated the Mongol invasions of 1285 and 1288Vietnamese Commanders
- 1241 – 1294Trần Quang KhảiWon at Chương Dương and retook Thăng Long from the Mongols (1285)Vietnamese Commanders
- 1254 – 1324Marco PoloVenetian traveller to the court of Kublai KhanExplorers
- 1255 – 1330Trần Nhật DuậtDefeated Sogetu's army at Hàm Tử (1285)Vietnamese Commanders
- 1255 – 1320Phạm Ngũ LãoTrần general against the second and third Mongol invasions (1285, 1288)Vietnamese Commanders
- 1258 – 1308Trần Nhân TôngEmperor who led Đại Việt against the Mongol invasions of 1285 and 1288Vietnamese Commanders
- Trần Bình Trọng1259 – 1285 · Held the rearguard against the Mongols (1285); refused to serve them1259 – 1285
- Dante Alighieric. 1265 – 1321 · The Divine Comedyc. 1265 – 1321
- Trần Quốc Toản1267 – 1285 · Raised his own company as a boy to fight the Mongols (1285)1267 – 1285
- Giotto di Bondonec. 1267 – 1337 · Proto-Renaissance painter; Scrovegni Chapelc. 1267 – 1337
