On 13 April 2026, the United States imposed a naval blockade on Iran following the failure of the Islamabad Talks to end the 2026 Iran war. The blockade began 10:00 EDT (14:00 GMT) and applied only to ships going to and from Iran. Iran said that it viewed the entry of US military vessels near the Strait of Hormuz as a breach of the ceasefire agreement that had been reached days earlier and that it would respond accordingly. On 22 April, US president Donald Trump claimed that the naval blockade had cost Iran $500 million daily while the US Department of Defense estimated that Iran had lost $4.8 billion in oil revenue by 1 May.
On 17 April, Iran announced that its closure of the Strait of Hormuz, which had been in effect since the start of the war on 28 February, would be paused for the duration of the truce in Lebanon, saying that passage of commercial vessels through the strait would be completely open. On 18 April, Iran said that it had closed the strait again in response to the refusal of the US to lift the naval blockade. By 18 April, the US stated that it had intercepted a total of 23 vessels. Meanwhile, Lloyd's List said that by 20 April at least 26 ships had managed to bypass the US blockade line in both directions (both toward Iranian ports and departing from Iranian ports). On 19 April, the first direct action of the blockade occurred when the 31st Marine Expeditionary Unit and destroyer USS Spruance seized the Iranian-flagged vessel Touska. On 14 June, Trump and Iran announced an agreement to end the war and reopen the Strait of Hormuz. Trump also said that he authorized lifting the US naval blockade. On 17 June, Trump and Iranian president Masoud Pezeshkian signed the memorandum of understanding to end the war, with Trump signing it during dinner with French president Emmanuel Macron at the Palace of Versailles following the G7 summit. On 18 June, CENTCOM announced the removal of the naval blockade of Iranian ports. On 30 June, speaker of the Parliament of Iran Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf falsely claimed that Iran could not export oil during the US blockade of its ports.
On 13 July, Trump announced the reinstatement of the blockade with CENTCOM stating that it would start the next day at 20:00 GMT (16:00 EDT). On 14 July, the US reinstated the naval blockade. On 7 September, The Wall Street Journal reported that the naval blockade has halted new Iranian oil exports from the Persian Gulf, leaving Iran reliant on diminishing floating stockpiles from before the blockade's reinstatement in July. Admiral Brad Cooper, commander of CENTCOM, announced on 16 October that the US naval blockade has halted Iran's $25 billion crude oil exports, significantly affecting the IRGC's finances and disrupting salary payments to its regional proxies. Additionally, CENTCOM and the US Department of Treasury have collaborated to freeze approximately $350 million in Iranian cryptocurrency assets.
Background
Before the United States and Israel launched their 2026 war against Iran, the Strait of Hormuz was open and about 25% of the world's seaborne oil trade and 20% of the world's liquefied natural gas passed through it.
On 28 February 2026, the US and Israel launched surprise airstrikes on Iran, targeting military and government sites, as well as assassinating Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei and other Iranian officials, starting the 2026 Iran war. In response, Iran blocked the Strait of Hormuz, prompting the US military to begin a military campaign to reopen it.
On 9 March, US president Donald Trump said that "the war is very complete, pretty much", and claimed that the Iranian military had been destroyed and the Strait of Hormuz had re-opened. He also expressed his interest in seizing control of the waterway from Iran. On 15 March, Trump called for help from NATO and China to re-open the strait and protect shipping, but they declined. He said the US did not need the oil that passed through the strait and suggested "maybe we shouldn't even be there". Iran's foreign minister Abbas Araghchi said the strait was open to all except the US, Israel and their allies. Ten days later, it was reported that Iran was beginning to allow some ships through the strait in exchange for a toll of up to $2 million per ship, as well as allowing passage of some ships owned by China, Russia, India, Iraq, Pakistan, the Philippines, Malaysia and Thailand.
In late March and early April, Trump repeatedly gave ultimatums to Iran, threatening to destroy Iran's infrastructure and "civilization" and bomb it "back to the Stone Ages" if it did not make a deal with the US and re-open the strait. The Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps responded that the strait "will not be opened to the enemies of this nation through the ridiculous spectacle by the president of the United States".
Trump claimed that 158 vessels belonging to the Iranian naval forces had been destroyed. Consequently, he asserted that only small, high-speed attack boats remained operational. Trump has said that other countries would be involved in enforcing the naval blockade of Iran, but did not specify which ones.
On 8 April 2026, the US and Iran agreed to a temporary two-week ceasefire, which was to involve the re-opening of the strait. However, Iran continued to restrict and control passage through the strait after the Israeli attacks on Lebanon.
During the ceasefire, the US and Iran held negotiations in Islamabad on 11–12 April, which ended without agreement. Following the failure of the talks, Trump said he no longer cared about negotiations. He announced that the US Navy itself would blockade the strait, stopping "any and all Ships trying to enter, or leave, the Strait of Hormuz". However, United States Central Command (CENTCOM) clarified that the blockade would only be enforced on ships travelling to or from Iranian ports.
Timeline
On 13 April 2026, at 10:00 EDT, the US naval blockade of Iran took effect at the direction of Donald Trump and under the command of Admiral Brad Cooper at CENTCOM. According to CENTCOM, the blockade is set to encompass "the entirety of the Iranian coastline," warning that any vessel "entering or departing the blockaded area without authorization is subject to interception, diversion, and capture." President Trump threatened to destroy any fast-attack "ships" of the IRGC Navy in a similar fashion to the strikes carried out against alleged drug traffickers in the Caribbean Sea during Operation Southern Spear.
In the first 24 hours after the blockade took effect on 13 April 2026, CENTCOM reported that over 10,000 US personnel, supported by more than a dozen warships and dozens of aircraft, were enforcing the operation. No vessels attempted to breach the blockade, while six commercial ships complied with orders and were redirected back to Iranian ports. CENTCOM added that "The blockade will be enforced impartially against vessels of all nations entering or departing Iranian ports and coastal areas, including all Iranian ports on the Arabian Gulf and Gulf of Oman. CENTCOM forces will not impede freedom of navigation for vessels transiting the Strait of Hormuz to and from non-Iranian ports."
On 14 April, at least four ships related to Iran crossed the Strait of Hormuz, according to public transponder data viewed by BBC Verify. Those vessels later stopped or turned around, after presumed interception by US forces, according to shipping data firms and the Sydney Morning Herald. On the same day, a US official stated that a total of eight oil tankers entering or leaving Iranian ports had been intercepted since the start of the blockade. All tankers complied with directions to reverse course and no boarding was necessary. Tankers departing from the Chabahar Port were contacted by a US destroyer, while Boeing P-8 Poseidon patrol aircraft were also used to intercept tankers. By 15 April, CENTCOM stated that 10 vessels had been turned around and no ships had broken through since the start of the US blockade.
On 16 April, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, General Dan Caine, held a press conference with Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth. They clarified that the blockade is on the ports and coastline of Iran rather than the Strait of Hormuz, and that enforcement will also occur in other areas. It was announced that the United States Indo-Pacific Command under Admiral Samuel Paparo would begin conducting interdiction activities against ships that left Iran before the blockade. They also stated that the number of vessels intercepted by US forces had risen to 13, but all so far had complied with US directions. By 18 April, the number had risen to 23.
By 17 April, Lloyd's List reported that eight Iranian vessels had managed to evade the blockade and cross westward into the Gulf of Oman to reach Iran. The vessels were headed for Iranian ports and at least one had managed to reach Bandar Abbas by 16 April. Two sanctioned oil supertankers had also crossed the US blockade line but did not indicate their destination to mask their route.
On 19 April, the US seized the Iran-flagged cargo ship Touska after it attempted to breach the blockade. The vessel, almost 900 feet (270 m) long, was en route to Bandar Abbas. It was warned by the guided missile destroyer USS Spruance over a six-hour period before the destroyer fired several rounds from its 5-inch/54-caliber Mark 45 gun into the engine room, disabling it. It was then seized by the 31st Marine Expeditionary Unit in the Gulf of Oman. Iran retaliated against the seizure by launching attack drones at U.S. ships, although no damage was reported. According to Reuters, the seized ship was probably carrying equipment that the US considered "dual-use," meaning that it had equipment that could be used by the Iranian army.
On 20 April, it was reported by Lloyd's List that at least 26 Iranian ships had successfully bypassed the American blockade, including 11 tankers with Iranian cargo that managed to exit the Gulf of Oman. On the same day, CENTCOM announced that the number of intercepted ships had risen to 27.
Overnight on 21 April, US forces boarded the stateless oil tanker MT Tifani in the INDOPACOM operational region, stating that it was linked to Iranian smuggling. The vessel had loaded oil from Kharg Island earlier in the month but left before the blockade. On 22 April, the US said that it had intercepted a total of 29 ships.
By 22 May, the US had turned 94 vessels away, according to CENTCOM.
On 11 June, India's Shipping Minister Sarbananda Sonowal stated that three Indian soldiers were killed by an attack by the US military attack on an oil tanker in the Gulf of Oman.
On 14 June, Trump and Iran announced that they had reached an agreement to end the war and reopen the Strait of Hormuz. Trump also said that he had authorized the lifting of the US naval blockade. The US military later clarified that the blockade remains in effect until the agreement is signed on 19 June. On 17 June, Trump and Iranian president Masoud Pezeshkian signed the memorandum of understanding to end the war, with Trump signing the document during dinner with French president Emmanuel Macron at the Palace of Versailles after the G7 summit. On 18 June, CENTCOM announced that it had removed the naval blockade of Iranian ports.
On 13 July, Trump announced that the US will reinstate the blockade. On 15 July, CENTCOM said that the US reinstated the naval blockade day before. During the first 24 hours of the renewed blockade, the US military said it had rerouted two vessels and disabled a third. The disabled vessel, the empty Curaçao-flagged oil tanker Belma, was struck in the Persian Gulf by Hellfire missiles on its smokestack after ignoring US warnings while attempting to reach Kharg Island, according to CENTCOM. On 16 July, CENTCOM said that the 11th Marine Expeditionary Unit boarded the oil tanker Wen Yao in the Gulf of Oman to verify its compliance with the blockade. On 17 July, Belma was reportedly struck again by US missiles while docked at Kharg Island. On 24 July, CENTCOM said that the US struck and disabled the Mozambique-flagged tanker Lavine in the Gulf of Oman after the vessel allegedly attempted to breach the blockade four times. The following day, CENTCOM said that it boarded the Comoros-flagged tanker Charminar to verify its compliance with the blockade, while the number of vessels redirected since the blockade began rose to 12.
On 11 August, CENTCOM said that a US Navy helicopter-fired missile disabled the Panama-flagged container ship Vela Nova in the Gulf of Oman after it attempted to breach the blockade. It added that the US had redirected 55 vessels since the blockade resumed. By 12 September, CENTCOM said that the number of ships redirected surpassed 100. On 10 October, CENTCOM said that the Panama-flagged cargo ship Ocean Molica was struck on its stern and disabled by a US jet in the Gulf of Oman, after it attempted to enter regional waters from an Iranian port. It added that 135 vessels had been diverted since 14 July. Admiral Brad Cooper, the commander of CENTCOM, declared on 16 October, that the naval blockade had stopped Iran from exporting $25 billion worth of crude oil, severely straining the IRGC's finances and interfering with salary payments to its regional proxies. Cooper added that CENTCOM and the US Department of Treasury had worked together to freeze about $350 million in Iranian cryptocurrency holdings.
On 7 November, the US struck the St. Kitts and Nevis-flagged bulk carrier Huda on its stern, disabling it. The following day, CENTCOM announced the launch of Task Force Iron Gate, which is based in Tampa, Florida, and aims to prevent the transfer of arms and sanctioned materials to and from Iran through its land borders and the Caspian Sea.
Reactions
Iran
Iran condemned the planned blockade and said it would be illegal and constitute piracy. An Iranian army statement said that if the security of Iran's "ports in the waters of the Persian Gulf and the Arabian Sea is threatened, no port in the Persian Gulf and the Arabian Sea will be safe."