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public research university in the cities of Erlangen and Nuremberg in Bavaria, Germany, 1961-
- 1742 – 1961
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public research university in the cities of Erlangen and Nuremberg in Bavaria, Germany, 1961-
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The Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen–Nuremberg (German: Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, FAU) is a public research university in the cities of Erlangen and Nuremberg in Bavaria, Germany. The name Friedrich-Alexander is derived from the university's first founder Friedrich, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, and its benefactor Alexander, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach.
With around 40,000 students and over 275 degree programs in five faculties, FAU is one of the 15 largest universities in Germany. It is the third largest university in Bavaria. It was established in Bayreuth in 1742 and moved to Erlangen in 1743. FAU expanded to Nuremberg in 1961 and to Fürth in 2004. About two-thirds of students mainly use the campus in Erlangen and one-third use the one in Nuremberg.
In the winter semester of 2024/25, around 50 percent of the nearly 40,000 students were female, and around 9,200 came from abroad. As a comprehensive university, FAU offers a wide range of subjects across 272 degree programs, including 82 bachelor's degrees, 98 master's degrees, and 92 degrees leading to a state examination, such as teaching, law, or medicine (as of 2023). To reduce the risk of technology drain, the admission of scholarship holders from the China Scholarship Council (CSC) was initially suspended in 2023, but only temporarily. An exception is made for students who come to Germany with an additional scholarship from the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD).
FAU is a member of the German Research Foundation DFG. Based on DFG funding, FAU has been one of the top ten universities in Germany for many years now. A total of 117.7 million euros in funding were approved in 2023. The university has seven DFG research groups and several graduate colleges. Due to numerous collaborations with other universities, colleges, and technical colleges in the region, Friedrich-Alexander University has outposts throughout northern Bavaria. The FAU Language Center enables students of all disciplines to obtain international language qualifications with UNIcert certification. FAU is a member of MedienCampus Bayern, the umbrella organization for media education and training in Bavaria.
The university was founded in 1742 as Academia Fridericiana in Bayreuth by Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth. On February 21, 1743, it was granted university status by Charles VII. Alongside the universities in Altdorf and Würzburg, Friedrich University was the third university in the Franconian region. In November 1743, it was relocated to Erlangen and housed in the premises of the former Knight Academy on Erlanger Hauptstraße. From the outset, the entire traditional range of subjects—theology, law, medicine, and philosophy—was taught, although the number of students in the early days remained consistently below 200. The first chancellor of the institution, which had only modest resources at its disposal, was the physician Daniel de Superville.
In 1769, responsibility for the university fell to Christian Frederick Charles Alexander, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach, who provided significant support to the early university and therefore became the university's second namesake. The Margrave of Ansbach-Bayreuth's privy councilor and Royal Prussian minister to the Franconian Circle, Karl Wilhelm, Baron Buirette von Oehlefeld (1724–1782), Lord of the Wilhelmsdorf Manor, bequeathed a foundation of over 20,000 guilders to the university in his will. As the arrangements for this had already been made with the Margrave, the latter awarded Buirette the highly coveted Grand Cross of the Order of the Red Eagle.
After the city of Erlangen was transferred to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1810, the university only narrowly managed to avoid closure – unlike the University of Nuremberg in Altdorf – because it was the only Bavarian state university to have a Lutheran theological faculty going forward. It was therefore indispensable for the training of Protestant theologians in the new state. The university remained Lutheran for a long time, but gradually lost its original Lutheran confessional character.
Even today, the Friedrich-Alexander University has only a Protestant theological department and no Catholic theological department. However, it is still possible to study Catholic religious education for teaching at elementary, secondary, and vocational schools, as a subject in educational studies, and as an elective for business educators. For this purpose, there are four chairs at the Nuremberg campus, which now belong to the Faculty of Philosophy, to which the Department of Theology has been affiliated.
In 1818, the margrave's castle became the property of the university. After a long period of modest development, Erlangen University, like other German universities, experienced an upswing in the early 1880s. In this context, it is also worth mentioning the founding of the long-overdue History Seminar on behalf of King Maximilian II of Bavaria by the historian Karl Hegel, who had been working here since 1856 and who established modern historical studies at the University of Erlangen. After Hegel had served as vice-rector of the university in 1870/71, the department was founded in 1872. Karl Hegel remained director of the Department of History until 1884.
Student numbers rose in the 1880s from 374 at the end of the winter semester of 1869/70 to 1,000 in 1890. While law students were in the majority in the early years, the Faculty of Theology was the most popular at the beginning of the Bavarian period. It was not until 1890 that it was overtaken by the Faculty of Medicine. The number of full professors rose from 20 in 1796 to 42 in 1900, almost half of whom were employed by the Faculty of Philosophy, which also included the natural sciences. It was not until 1928 that the latter formed a separate faculty.
Jakob Herz became the first Jewish professor at a university in Bavaria in 1863. After his death, a monument was unveiled in his honor on May 6, 1875. The larger-than-life bronze statue, erected on what is now Hugenottenplatz, was removed after the National Socialists came to power and was presumably melted down for war purposes in 1944.
In 1897, the first women were admitted to study, and the first woman received her doctorate in 1904. From the second half of the 19th century onwards, several large university buildings were erected on the edges of the palace gardens, including the Kollegienhaus and the university hospital.
Around 75% of the university's students volunteered or were conscripted during the First World War. 384 members of the university lost their lives in the war. In the post-war period, many of the students at Friedrich-Alexander University (around 350) took part in the suppression of the Bavarian Soviet Republic as members of the Freikorps Epp. As a result of the Bavarian Concordat (1924) with the Catholic Church, several Catholic "concordat chairs" still exist at the university to this day. In 1927, the natural sciences were separated from the Faculty of Philosophy and transferred to a joint Faculty of Natural Sciences.
The National Socialist movement had already spread to the University of Erlangen in the early 1920s. An Erlangen Sturmabteilung (SA) division, consisting mainly of students, had been in existence since 1922. After Hitler's failed Beer Hall Putsch in Munich, a spontaneously formed radical nationalist list won twelve of 25 seats in the Erlangen AStA elections on 20 November 1923 and appointed Ludwig Franz Gengler as its first chairman. On 24 September 1924, 120 student members of the NSDAP founded the National Socialist Student Group Erlangen, which disbanded after Gengler moved to LMU Munich and was only re-established in 1928 as a university group of the National Socialist German Students' Union (NSDStB).
In the winter semester of 1928/29, the NSDStB won eight seats. In the subsequent university elections in 1929, the NSDStB finally won 14 seats, making the University of Erlangen the first German university to have a student parliament dominated by National Socialists. With around 200 members, the Erlangen university group had reached a considerable size by 1930 and was one of Baldur von Schirach's internal party opponents, led by the former Erlangen university group leader Reinhard Sunkel. After Sunkel and his supporters were expelled from the NSDStB, a splinter group of National Socialists called Revolutionary Students also ran in the university elections in Erlangen in November 1931 in competition with the Student Union and won a seat in the student parliament.
The University of Erlangen was less affected by the purge of German universities that began in 1933 than most other universities. Of the 121 members of the teaching staff in the winter semester of 1932/33, 9 people (7.4 percent) were expelled. However, 162 former students had their doctoral degrees revoked, mostly in 1939 (examples include the Jewish doctor Ernst Alfred Seckendorf and the lawyer and monarchist Catholic resistance fighter Adolf von Harnier). After the Second World War, the university denied this however, and it was not until the 1990s that this dark chapter of history was finally addressed.
The university survived the world wars relatively unscathed in terms of its buildings. The denazification process carried out by the American occupying forces led to the dismissal of numerous university teachers after the end of the war. They were replaced by professors from the former eastern territories, among others, which led to a shift from a predominantly Protestant teaching staff to a majority Catholic one. After the Second World War, some of the university's faculties reopened in January 1946 and teaching was gradually reestablished.
The post-war period led to further expansion, not only in terms of student numbers, but also in terms of the number of chairs. Above all, the collaboration with the parts of Siemens AG that had recently moved to Erlangen provided decisive impetus for further expansion and led, among other things, to the construction of the south campus for the technical and natural science faculties. In 1961, the Nuremberg University of Economics and Social Sciences, founded in 1919, was incorporated as a separate faculty, giving FAU its second major location and its current name, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen–Nuremberg. The student revolt of the 1960s came to Erlangen with a slight delay and was significantly less intense. In 1966, a technical faculty was established. A new university complex was built in the south of Erlangen, which today combines engineering, computer science, inorganic chemistry, and an additional cafeteria in a concrete-dominated complex that is typical of the time. The Friedrich-Alexander University was thus one of the first classical universities to add a technical faculty to its range of subjects. In 1972, the Nuremberg College of Education was incorporated.
In December 1972, the university was the site of the University of Erlangen–Nuremberg shooting, in which two students were killed and thirteen other people were injured before the perpetrator set fire to the Zoological Institute, completely destroying the building.
In 1982, Erlangen University Hospital attracted national attention with the birth of Germany's first test-tube baby. Ten years later, there was a nationwide debate about the Erlanger baby, who was to be saved at Erlangen Hospital by life-support measures after its mother was declared brain dead following an accident. Since 1999, part of the new Erlangen district of "Röthelheimpark" has been used by the university ("Röthelheim Campus"). The site used to be an old artillery barracks built in 1900 and was later expanded with several buildings.
In 2004, the decision was made to establish the Central Institute for New Materials and Process Technology (ZMP) in Fürth, making Fürth a "city of science" and another regional location for Friedrich-Alexander University. In July 2005, a new building for the chair of crystallography and structural physics was inaugurated at a cost of 5.8 million euros. On July 14, 2006, the newly founded Central Institute for Applied Ethics and Science Communication (ZIEW) was inaugurated.
As recently as 2007, FAU was divided into eleven faculties (listed in order of establishment): the Faculty of Theology, the Faculty of Law, the Faculty of Medicine, then the two Faculties of Philosophy I (Philosophy, History, and Social Sciences) and II (Linguistics and Literary Studies), three Faculties of Natural Sciences, including I (Mathematics and Physics), II (Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy), and III (Geography, Geology, Mineralogy, Paleontology), as well as the Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences in Nuremberg, the Faculty of Engineering and finally the Faculty of Education in Nuremberg. In 2007, the university was restructured as part of a structural reform: the previous faculties were merged to form five new large faculties. Three faculties lost their independence and became departments within the new faculties, including the Faculty of Theology, the Faculty of Education, and the Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences (the latter two located in Nuremberg). Theology is now an independent department within the Faculty of Philosophy.
Since 2008, the university has been part of the Bavarian Center for Political Theory (BAYPOL), whose Erlangen headquarters have provided FAU with another "research and competence center". In 2009, a chair for human rights ("Chair for Human Rights and Human Rights Policy") was established at the Institute for Political Science, enabling FAU to contribute to research and teaching in this important but academically rather weakly institutionalized field.
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