Battles of Ypres

The Battle of Ypres was a series of engagements during the First World War, near the Belgian city of Ypres, between the German and the Allied armies (Belgian and British colonial forces).

A study of the battle notes that, ”even on 'quiet days' [at Ypres] casualties [sometimes] ran into the thousands—[as fighting continued] every day, for four long and grisly years… Although for purposes of continuity historians have categorized events at Ypres into three or four major [or five] battles, in fact the fighting there was continuous".

During the five peaks in the engagement at Ypres, casualties may have surpassed one million.

First Battle of Ypres (19 October – 22 November 1914). During the Race to the Sea, more than 220,000 casualties.

Second Battle of Ypres (22 April – 25 May 1915). First mass use of poison gas by the German army. Around 100,000 casualties.

Third Battle of Ypres (31 July – 10 November 1917) also known as the Battle of Passchendaele. Between 400,000 and 900,000 casualties.

Fourth Battle of Ypres (7 – 29 April 1918) also known as the Battle of the Lys. Around 200,000 casualties.

Fifth Battle of Ypres (28 September – 2 October 1918) an informal name given to a series of battles in northern France and southern Belgium, also known as Advance of Flanders and Battle of the Peak of Flanders. Around 10,000 Allied casualties; German casualties unknown.