From January 24 to June 6, 2000, voters of the Republican Party chose its nominee for president in the 2000 United States presidential election. Texas governor George W. Bush was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 2000 Republican National Convention held from July 31 to August 3, 2000, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Campaign
The primary contest began with a fairly wide field, as the Republicans lacked an incumbent president or vice president. George W. Bush, Governor of Texas and son of George H. W. Bush, the most recent Republican president, took an early lead, with the support of much of the party establishment as well as a strong fund-raising effort. Former cabinet member George Shultz played an important early role in securing Republican support for Bush. In April 1998, he invited Bush to discuss policy issues with experts including Michael Boskin, John Taylor, and Condoleezza Rice. The group, which was "looking for a candidate for 2000 with good political instincts, someone they could work with," was impressed, and Shultz encouraged Bush to enter the race. Due in part to establishment backing, Bush dominated in early polling and fundraising figures. Despite stumbling in early primary debates, he easily won the Iowa caucuses, defeating his nearest opponent, Steve Forbes, by a margin of 41% to 31%.
Considered a dark horse, U.S. Senator John McCain of Arizona won 48% of the vote to Bush's 30% in the first-in-the-nation New Hampshire primary, giving his campaign a boost of energy and donations. Durham, New Hampshire was the site of an early debate between the Republican candidates.
Then, the main primary season came down to a race between Bush and McCain. McCain's campaign, centered on campaign finance reform, drew positive press coverage and a fair amount of public excitement, with polls giving the senator superior crossover support from independents and Democrats. With Vice President Gore easily locking up the Democratic nomination, many moderate and center-left voters felt compelled to make their voice heard in the still-contested Republican contest. Bush's campaign dealt with "compassionate conservatism," including a greater role for the federal government in education, subsidies for private charitable programs, and large reductions in income and capital gains taxes.
The next primary contest in South Carolina was notorious for its negative tone. Although the Bush campaign said it was not behind any attacks on McCain, locals supporting Bush reportedly handed out fliers and made telephone calls to prospective voters suggesting among other things, unsubstantiated claims that McCain was a "Manchurian candidate" and that he had fathered a child out of wedlock with a black New York-based prostitute (an incorrect reference to Bridget McCain, a child he and his wife had adopted from Bangladesh). Bush also drew fire for a speech made at Bob Jones University, a school that still banned interracial dating among its students. But the governor was seen to have the upper hand in a debate hosted by Larry King Live, and he won in South Carolina by nine points. McCain won primaries in Michigan, his home state of Arizona, and the remaining New England states except for Maine, but faced difficulty in appealing to conservative Republican primary voters. This was particularly true in Michigan, where despite winning the primary, McCain lost the GOP vote to Bush by a wide margin. McCain also competed in the Virginia primary, counting on continued crossover support by giving a speech calling out Pat Robertson and Jerry Falwell, both leaders of the Christian right, for intolerance. Bush won Virginia easily in spite of this campaign tactic. Bush's subsequent Super Tuesday victories in California, New York and the South made it nearly impossible, mathematically, for McCain to catch up, and he suspended his campaign the next day.
Other candidates included social conservative activist Gary Bauer, businessman Steve Forbes, Utah Senator Orrin Hatch, former ECOSOC Ambassador and Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs Alan Keyes, former Tennessee Governor Lamar Alexander, former Red Cross director and cabinet member Elizabeth Dole, Ohio Congressman John Kasich, and former Vice President Dan Quayle. Bauer and Hatch campaigned on a traditional Republican platform of opposition to legalized abortion and reductions in taxes. Keyes had a far more conservative platform, calling for the elimination of all federal taxes except tariffs. Keyes also called for returning to ban homosexuals in the military, while most GOP candidates supported the "don't ask, don't tell" policy. Keyes continued participating in the campaign for nearly all the primaries and continued to appear in the debates with frontrunners McCain and Bush. As in 1996, Forbes campaigned on making the federal income tax non-graduated, an idea he called the flat tax, although he increased his focus on social conservatives in 2000. Although Forbes (who won a few states' primary contests in the 1996 primaries) came a close second to Bush in the Iowa caucuses and even tied with him in the Alaska caucuses, he nor any of these other candidates won a primary.
Schedule and results
Notable endorsements
Note: Some of the endorsers switched positions.
George W. Bush
- Bush's Father & Former President George H.W. Bush from Texas
- Bush's Mother & Former First Lady Barbara Bush from Texas
- Senate Majority Leader Trent Lott from Mississippi
- Former HUD Secretary and 1996 Vice Presidential nominee Jack Kemp from New York
- Senator Bob Smith from New Hampshire
- Former Governor and White House Chief of Staff John H. Sununu of New Hampshire
- Governor Jane Dee Hull of Arizona
- Governor John Engler of Michigan
- Senator John Warner from Virginia
- Governor Jim Gilmore of Virginia
- Senator John Ashcroft from Missouri
- Governor Paul Cellucci of Massachusetts
- Governor Tommy Thompson of Wisconsin
- Representative John Thune from South Dakota
John McCain
- Senator Jon Kyl from Arizona
- Senator Fred Thompson of Tennessee
- Senator Mike DeWine from Ohio
- Senator Chuck Hagel from Nebraska
- Representative Lindsey Graham from South Carolina
- Representative Mark Sanford from South Carolina
- Representative Peter T. King from New York
- Staten Island Borough President Guy Molinari
Steve Forbes
- Governor Gary Johnson of New Mexico
- Representative Bob Barr from Georgia
- Representative Roscoe Bartlett from Maryland
- Ohio Secretary of State Ken Blackwell
- Sarah Palin, mayor of Wasilla, Alaska
Alan Keyes
- Representative Tom Coburn from Oklahoma
- Filmmaker Michael Moore from Michigan (joke endorsement)
Orrin Hatch
- Senator Robert Foster Bennett from Utah
Lamar Alexander
- Governor Mike Huckabee of Arkansas
- Former Governor Terry Branstad of Iowa
Dan Quayle
- Former Governor Carroll A. Campbell of South Carolina
John Kasich
- Mike DeWine (initially)
- Senator George Voinovich from Ohio
- Representative John Boehner from Ohio