Cuộc thảm sát Marzabotto

The Marzabotto massacre (Italian: strage di Marzabotto), also known in recent historiography as the Monte Sole massacre (Italian: eccidio di Monte Sole or Italian: strage di Monte Sole), was a World War II massacre of Italian civilians committed by German forces between 29 September and 5 October 1944 in the Monte Sole area, south of Bologna, Italy. The killings took place in scattered villages, farmsteads, churches, cemeteries and shelters in the municipalities of Marzabotto, Monzuno and Grizzana Morandi, between the Reno and Setta valleys.

The massacre is commonly known internationally as the Marzabotto massacre because many of the affected localities belonged to the municipality of Marzabotto. Historians and local institutions often use the name Monte Sole massacre, which more accurately identifies the wider mountainous area in which the killings occurred.

Approximately 770 people were killed during the massacre, in 115 locations. The victims were overwhelmingly civilians and included women, children, elderly people and priests. By the end of the war, 955 people from Marzabotto, Monzuno and Grizzana Morandi had been killed by Nazi and Fascist violence, while a further 721 inhabitants of the three municipalities died from other war-related causes. The traditional figure of 1,830 deaths, long associated with Marzabotto in public memory, refers to a broader post-war commemorative count rather than to the victims of the massacre alone.

Modern scholarship generally interprets the killings as part of a planned anti-partisan and annihilation operation, rather than as a spontaneous or limited reprisal. The operation was directed against the area in which the Brigata Stella Rossa partisan formation operated, but most of those killed were civilians with no direct role in armed combat.