The 2025 Pacific typhoon season was the second consecutive season to feature slightly above-average activity in terms of named storms and typhoons. However, it was a below-average season in terms of accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) and super typhoons. Of the twenty-seven named tropical storms, thirteen became typhoons and only one managed to intensify into a super typhoon. Many storms were also weak and short-lived, particularly before and after the peak season activity. The season ran throughout 2025, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between June and November. In addition, the season's first named storm, Wutip, developed on June 11, the fifth-latest date for a typhoon season to produce a named storm, while the season’s last named storm, Koto, dissipated on December 3. In addition, the season’s first typhoon, Danas, reached that intensity on July 6. Furthermore, the season’s first and only super typhoon, Ragasa reached that intensity on September 21 before it struck the Philippines on the following day.
The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean north of the equator between 100°E and the 180th meridian. Within the northwestern Pacific Ocean, two separate agencies assign names to tropical cyclones, which can result in a system having two names. The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) names a tropical cyclone when it is estimated to have 10-minute sustained winds of at least 65 km/h (40 mph) anywhere in the basin. The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) assigns names to tropical cyclones that move into or form as a tropical depression within the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR), defined as the area between 135°E–115°E and 5°N–25°N, regardless of whether the JMA has already named the system. Tropical depressions monitored by the United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) are given a numerical designation with a "W" suffix, which means "west", a reference to the western Pacific region.
Seasonal forecasts
During the year, several national meteorological services and scientific agencies forecast how many tropical cyclones, tropical storms, and typhoons will form during a season and/or how many tropical cyclones will affect a particular country. These agencies include the Tropical Storm Risk (TSR) Consortium of University College London, PAGASA, Vietnam's National Center for Hydro-Meteorological Forecasting (NCHMF) and Taiwan's Central Weather Administration (CWA).
On January 23, 2025, PAGASA released its first outlook in their monthly seasonal climate outlook predicting the first half of 2025. They expected zero to three tropical cyclones that would form or enter the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) from January to March, while two to five tropical cyclones are predicted to form or enter PAR between April to June. The agency also noted that La Niña conditions are expected to persist between January and March, with transition El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) conditions also anticipated during April to June.
On May 7, 2025, TSR issued its first extended-range forecast, predicting slightly below-average activity with 25 named storms, 15 typhoons, and 8 intense typhoons. The outlook was influenced by expected neutral ENSO conditions, strong easterly wind anomalies in April, the absence of early-season storm activity, and a continued negative phase of the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), all of which are factors typically associated with reduced typhoon activity.
PAGASA had also updated its second and final outlook on July 14 for July to September, predicting six to ten tropical cyclones would form or enter PAR during those months, while five to nine of those would form or enter PAR between October to December. The agency also indicated that the ENSO condition would also persist between July to September, and would further continue until the first quarter of the following year.
TSR released its updated extended-range forecast on August 7, maintaining the number of named storms and typhoons but reducing the number of intense typhoons to 7. They also significantly decrease the prediction of the accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index due to the lower-than-expected storm activity in June and July and the ongoing negative PDO phase.
Seasonal summary
Background
The 2025 Pacific typhoon season has no official season limit, although most tropical cyclones typically develop between June and November. In this season, 41 tropical cyclones formed, with 27 strengthening into named storms. Thirteen of them intensified into typhoons, and one further intensified into a super typhoon.
Early season activity
The season officially began with the formation of a tropical depression on February 11 near the Philippines. The season became relatively inactive for four months, until Tropical Storm Wutip developed on June 11, becoming the fifth-latest named storm on record in the western Pacific basin. It also ended a 169-day period with no named storm activity in the basin. Wutip caused widespread damage across parts of the Philippines, Vietnam, and China, leaving 17 people dead and resulting in US$253 million in damage. On the same day, another low-pressure area formed east of the Philippines; it developed into Tropical Depression Auring the next day. Auring moved northward and crossed Taiwan before weakening into a remnant low. On June 21, Tropical Depression 02W formed north of the Northern Mariana Islands, which developed into Tropical Storm Sepat two days later off the coast of Japan. On June 24, Tropical Depression 03W developed west of the Philippines.
July was notably active, producing eight named storms, including one not recognized by the JMA. The month began with Tropical Storm Mun, which largely spared affected areas. The season's first typhoon, Danas, formed on July 3 and made landfall over Budai, Chiayi in Taiwan as a Category 3-equivalent typhoon, becoming the first typhoon to strike the island's west-central coast since Typhoon Wayne in 1986. On July 11, two systems formed: Tropical Storm Nari and Tropical Depression 07W, with the former storm making landfall over Cape Erimo in Japan. Later in the month, Tropical Storm Wipha developed near the Philippine coast, passing through the Babuyan Islands as a severe tropical storm before heading to southern China and Vietnam, where it made landfall over Taishan, Guangdong in China and between the provinces of Hưng Yên and Ninh Bình in Vietnam, causing 60 fatalities and significant damage throughout its path.
By the end of July, three more cyclones had developed: Francisco, Co-May, and Krosa. Co-May formed northeast of Ilocos Sur, intensifying into a minimal typhoon as it loitered west-southwestward and then tracked southwestward off the west coast of Luzon due to a Fujiwhara interaction with Tropical Storm Francisco, which was situated northeast of Luzon at that time, as well also being situated in the eastern semicircle of a monsoon gyre. Co-may later made two landfalls over Agno, Pangasinan and Candon, Ilocos Sur in the Philippines, becoming the strongest and first tropical cyclone to affect the Ilocos Region since Chan-hom of 2009. Co-may later weakened into a tropical depression after crossing through the rugged terrain of Cordillera Range before regained tropical storm status again on July 27 when the storm moved through the Ryukyu Islands. Co-may made two final landfalls in China, one Zhujiajian Island, Zhejiang on July 29, and another in Fengxian District, Shanghai on July 30. Overall, Co-may claimed the lives 55 people and caused US$73 million in damage. The month concluded with the formation of Tropical Storm Bailu on July 31.
Peak season activity
August was slightly active compared to the previous month. Early on August 2, the remnant low of Hurricane Iona entered the basin from the Central Pacific and briefly became a tropical depression. Two tropical depressions formed between August 2 and 4, while Typhoon Podul formed on August 6. Podul made landfall over Taimali in Taiwan as a Category 1-equivalent typhoon and then in China as a tropical storm, causing moderate damage there and claiming two lives. Tropical Depression Fabian formed on August 7 and Tropical Depression 17W ten days later. Tropical Storm Lingling formed near Japan on August 17, causing minimal damage, while Typhoon Kajiki, which formed southeast of Luzon on August 22, caused extensive damage in northern Vietnam after it brushed Central Luzon and then skirting the southern part of Hainan Island, killing a total of 17 people and causing US$244 million in damage. Tropical Storm Nongfa formed last on August 27 and affected the North Central Coast of Vietnam three days later, concluding the month of August.
The month of September began with Tropical Storm Peipah on September 2, tracking northeast along the subtropical ridge before affecting Japan and then becoming extratropical on September 5. Severe Tropical Storm Tapah formed near Vigan, Ilocos Sur on the same day, making landfall in Taishan, Guangdong, China as a Category 1-typhoon on September 8, before interacting with rugged terrain. During the peak of the season, three tropical cyclones formed: Mitag, Ragasa, and Neoguri. Tropical Storm Mitag formed near Legazpi, Albay and eventually crossed through the Cordillera Central, slightly weakened into a depression before regaining tropical storm status again in the South China Sea. Mitag made landfall over Shanwei, Guangdong, China before rapidly deteriorating at the same time on September 20. Typhoon Ragasa became the first super typhoon of the season, eventually reaching Category 5-equivalent super typhoon status near the Babuyan Islands. Ragasa eventually made landfall over Panuitan Island in Calayan, Cagayan on September 22 before undergoing an eyewall replacement cycle afterwards. The storm then affected Southern China and Vietnam before being declared as having dissipated on September 25.
Typhoon Neoguri then formed near Wake Island and strengthened into a Category 4-equivalent typhoon amid high SSTs, then weakened for a time due to a combination of upwelling and high wind shear, but restrengthened into an unusually high-latitude Category 4 typhoon near 40°N, making it one of the strongest unusually high-latitude cyclones on record. Typhoon Bualoi formed on September 22 near Yap and made multiple landfalls in the Philippines and Vietnam, causing extensive damages and numerous fatalities in those countries.
Late season activity
October began with the formation of Typhoon Matmo, which made landfall over Dinapigue, Isabela as a Category 1-typhoon before it reemerged through West Philippine Sea and strengthened into a Category-2 typhoon. Matmo then brushed through Southern China, resulting in at least 39 deaths and damage amounting to $3.86 billion (2025 USD), the costliest in the basin of the year. Typhoon Halong then formed next, becoming a Category 4-typhoon on October 7, with winds of up to 225 km/h (140 mph). Halong directly affected Hachijō-jima thereafter before transitioning to extratropical on October 10. Typhoon Nakri stalled near the Ryukyu Islands as a tropical storm before becoming a typhoon just south of Japan. Severe Tropical Storm Fengshen formed next on October 12, which affected some parts of Bicol Region, Southern Tagalog, including Metro Manila in the Philippines as a tropical storm between October 18 and 19 before eventually dissipated off the coast of Vietnam four days later. At that time after Fengshen made multiple landfalls in the Philippines, a tropical depression named Salome by PAGASA was formed on October 20. PAGASA then upgraded Salome into a tropical storm (later downgraded to a depression) three days later before the system become fully dissipated on the same day.
On the last day of October, Kalmaegi formed, persisting into November and made multiple landfalls in Visayas and Palawan and later Vietnam, causing significant damage and high death toll, primarily as a result of the freshwater flooding. This made Kalmaegi the deadliest typhoon in this basin for this year, with over 288 deaths. On November 6, Tropical Storm Fung-wong formed. It rapidly intensified in the Philippine Sea as a Category 4-equivalent typhoon, and further intensified as a super typhoon based on PAGASA before it made landfall over Dinalungan, Aurora. Fung-wong then curved northeastwards, gradually weakened after it interacted with the Cordillera Central, which helped the storm to significantly weaken. Fung-wong made another landfall over Hengchun Township in Pingtung County, Taiwan on November 12 as a tropical storm, and shortly after weakened into a tropical depression. The system then dissipated the following day.
November saw the formation of Koto and 34W. Koto traversed most of Visayas in the Philippines before it went on into a Category 1-typhoon over the South China Sea. Koto then stalled as it moves over unfavorable conditions before it dissipated on December 3. Meanwhile, the disturbance that is associated with Cyclone Senyar, crossed and entered through the Western Pacific basin on November 27. The JMA and JTWC started issuing advisories, with the latter gave the system as 34W as it subsequently upgraded into a depression. Three days later, both agencies discontinued advisories as it dissipated.
The 41st tropical depression formed on December 1, with the PAGASA naming it Wilma as it entered the PAR. Wilma struggled to intensify due to unfavorable conditions. PAGASA also issued Tropical Cyclone Wind Signal No. 1 over numerous areas of Visayas, Mindanao, and Palawan on December 4. Wilma made two landfalls over Hilabaan Island in Dolores, Eastern Samar and in Oras, Eastern Samar before declaring it a remnant low on December 7.