Who ruled Lạng Sơn?

Who ruled here

Borders: Cliopatria, Natural Earth

36 realms held Lạng Sơn from 256 BCE to today, as the atlas draws their borders. Lines side by side are realms that held it at once.

Âu Lạc256 – 207 BCE · 50 years
Nanyue206 – 111 BCE · 96 years
Han dynasty110 BCE – 5 CE · 115 years
Xin Dynasty6 – 29 CE · 24 years
Han dynasty30 – 42 CE · 13 years
Trưng sisters43 – 50 CE · 8 years
Han dynasty51 – 237 CE · 187 years
Eastern Wu238 – 282 CE · 45 years
Western Jin283 – 425 CE · 143 years
Liu Song Dynasty426 – 479 CE · 54 years
Southern Qi480 – 509 CE · 30 years
Liang Dynasty510 – 545 CE · 36 years
Early Lý dynasty546 – 601 CE · 56 years
Sui Dynasty602 – 625 CE · 24 years
Tang dynasty626 – 754 CE · 129 years
Nanzhao755 – 865 CE · 111 years
Tang dynasty≈ Its borders pass close by, not through here: coasts and rivers are drawn coarsely866 – 910 CE · 45 years
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms≈ Its borders pass close by, not through here: coasts and rivers are drawn coarsely911 – 946 CE · 36 years
Southern Han≈ Its borders pass close by, not through here: coasts and rivers are drawn coarsely911 – 946 CE · 36 years
Ngô dynasty≈ Its borders pass close by, not through here: coasts and rivers are drawn coarsely947 – 965 CE · 19 years
No realm drawn here966 – 967 CE · 2 years
Đinh Dynasty968 – 980 CE · 13 years
Early Lê dynasty980 – 1009 CE · 30 years
Ly dynasty1009 – 1226 · 218 years
Tran dynasty1226 – 1400 · 175 years
Hồ dynasty1400 – 1406 · 7 years
Ming dynasty1407 – 1428 · 22 years
Lê dynasty1429 – 1528 · 100 years
Dai Viet1529 – 1594 · 66 years
Trịnh lords1595 – 1787 · 193 years
Qing dynasty1788 – 1790 · 3 years
Tây Sơn dynasty1791 – 1802 · 12 years
Nguyen dynasty1803 – 1884 · 82 years
French Indochina1885 – 1940 · 56 years
French Third Republic1885 – 1939 · 55 years
Vichy France1940
Empire of Japan1941 – 1945 · 5 years
French Fourth Republic1946 – 1955 · 10 years
French Indochina1946 – 1955 · 10 years
North Vietnam1956 – 1975 · 20 years
Socialist Republic of Vietnam1976 – 2024 · 49 years
VietnamToday

≈ its borders pass close by: coasts and rivers are drawn coarsely.

Lạng Sơn (listenⓘ) is a former city in far Northern Vietnam, and the capital of Lạng Sơn Province. It is accessible by road and rail from Hanoi, the Vietnamese capital, and it is the northernmost point on National Route 1.

History

Due to its geography as Vietnam's gateway to China (being located just across from Guangxi), Lạng Sơn (諒山) and its ancient citadel have been in the path of many invasions, and were the site of three French defeats during the colonial era. Occupied by Qing forces during the military buildup that preceded the Sino-French War, the city was occupied by France after the two-week Lạng Sơn Campaign in February 1885. However, the French brigade there conducted a hasty retreat after launching a failed attack at the Battle of Bang Bo into China; the "retreat from Lạng Sơn" became the most controversial aspect of the war and led to the fall of Jules Ferry's ministry. Outnumbered French colonial forces clashed with the Japanese 5th Division in the Battle of Lạng Sơn during the Japanese Vietnam Expedition on 22 September 1940. The French were again compelled to retreat hastily. In 1945 it was again the scene of heavy fighting during the Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina.

After the end of the Pacific War, the French colonial army established a permanent garrison there, which served as the logistics hub for the French border fortresses. It was evacuated in 1950 during Võ Nguyên Giáp's offensive against the French border forts, considered a turning point in the Indochina War. The city was the center of fighting during the Sino-Vietnamese War of 1979, and fell to the Chinese military who briefly occupied it.

Geology and climate

The surface rocks in the area are a Permian limestone, overlain by the early Triassic Lang Son Formation, consisting of flyschoid beds with interbedded sandstones, siltstones and clay shales and some felsic volcanics. This place even can experience snow in the coldest moments of winter although Vietnam is basically snow free, it and the whole of Northern Vietnam is in an area of the subtropical climate.

Under the Köppen climate classification, Lạng Sơn has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa). It had been snowed in the city on 24 January 2016.

Topography and geology

The city has diverse topographical and geological features, including hill, mountainous, half mountainous, coastal plains and coastal sand dunes.

The hilly region is in the west, stretching from north to south (in parts of communes: Dong Son, Thuan Duc) with an average elevation of 12–15 m, with total area of 64.93 km2, 41.7% of the city total area. Residents here live on agriculture, forestry, farming. The soil in this area is poor in nutrition, infertile and subject to continuous erosion due to its slope of 7-10%.

The half hilly region surrounds a plain with an average elevation of 10 m from north-east - north to north-west – south-west and south – south-east. This region covers communes and wards of Bắc Lý, Nam Lý, Nghĩa Ninh, Bắc Nghĩa, Đức Ninh, Đức Ninh Đông, Lộc Ninh and Phú Hải with total area of 62.87 km2, or accounts for 40.2% of the city total area. Residents here lives on industrial, handcraft, trading and a small percentage lives on farming. This region is not very fertile, subject to alum. However, thanks to the heavy distribution of rivers and lakes, ponds and pools, it's better for agriculture than the hilly region. The plain with the average of 2.1 m, with little slope, accounting for 0.2% of the city area (5.76 km2). Most of the city's commercial, administrative and main streets concentrate in this narrow regions. Coastal sand dune area is on the east of the city, with an area of 21.98 km2, making up 14.3% of the total area.

Text from the Wikipedia article “Lạng Sơn (city)”, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Lạng Sơn is a former city in far Northern Vietnam, and the capital of Lạng Sơn Province. It is accessible by road and rail from Hanoi, the Vietnamese capital, and it is the northernmost point on National Route 1.

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Text from the Wikipedia article “Lạng Sơn”, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Lạng Sơn

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History

Geology and climate

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