Treaty of Bakhchisarai

The Treaty of Bakhchysarai or Treaty of Radzin, (Russian: Бахчисарайский мирный договор; Turkish: Bahçesaray Antlaşması) was signed by Muscovy, the Ottoman Empire, and the Crimean Khanate on 3 (13) January 1681 in Bakhchysarai. It established a 20-year truce, which ended the Russo-Turkish War (1676–1681).

The three states accepted the Dnieper River as the demarcation line between the Ottoman Empire (including Right-bank Ukraine, which had been forcibly depopulated in 1674–1679), and the Muscovite domain. The latter now included the Left-bank Hetmanate and the Zaporizhian Sich, although the Cossacks living in these territories were excluded from the negotiations. All sides agreed not to settle the territory between the Southern Bug and Dnieper rivers, thus legalising the Great Expulsion of the Right Bank of 1674–1679 by the Muscovites and Left-bank Cossacks. After the signing of the treaty, the Nogai hordes still retained the right to live as nomads in the southern steppes of Ukraine, while the Cossacks retained the right to fish in the Dnieper and its tributaries; to obtain salt in the south; and to sail on the Dnieper and the Black Sea. The Ottoman sultan then recognized Russia's sovereignty in Left-bank Ukraine and the Zaporozhian Cossack domain, while the Bratslav Voivodeship, and the Podolian Voivodeship, and the southern part of the Kyiv Voivodeship were left under Ottoman control.

The Treaty of Bakhchysarai once again redistributed the Ukrainian lands between neighboring states. The treaty was also of great international significance and precipitated the signing of “Eternal Peace” in 1686 between Russia and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.