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Zolotonosha (Ukrainian: Золотоноша, IPA: [zolotoˈnɔʃɐ] ⓘ) is a city located in Cherkasy Oblast (region) in central Ukraine. The city serves as the administrative center of Zolotonosha Raion (district). It hosts the administration of Zolotonosha urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 27,206 (2022 estimate).
Zolotonosha is located in Dnieper Lowland on the Zolotonoshka River, a tributary of the Dnipro, within 30 km (19 mi) of the oblast's administrative center, Cherkasy. The railroad line from Bakhmach to Odesa and the highways connecting Kyiv to Kremenchuk and Cherkasy to Shramkivka pass through the city.
Until 18 July 2020, Zolotonosha was designated as a city of oblast significance and belonged to Zolotonosha Municipality but not to the Zolotonosha Raion even though it was the center of the raion. As part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Cherkasy Oblast to four, the city was merged into the Zolotonosha Raion.
Zolotonosha was first mentioned in written works around 1576, when it was part of Poland. It was administratively located in the Kijów Voivodeship in the Lesser Poland Province. In 1635 the town was granted the Magdeburg rights. It was a possession of various Polish nobles, including the Domont-Moszeński and Olekszyc families, before it passed it powerful magnate Jeremi Wiśniowiecki, father of future King of Poland Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki. whose family built a castle there.
Afterwards, the town was captured by the Cossacks. Under the Cossack Hetmanate Zolotonosha served as a sotnia town of Pereiaslav Regiment. In 1666, Cossacks of the Pereiaslav Regiment repelled forces of Shcherbatov at Zolotonosha. In 1680, the town was devastated by a fire. After 1796 it was incorporated into Malorossia and then in 1802 became a part of Poltava Governorate, meaning that Jews were allowed to settle in the city and started to gradually arrive in larger numbers.
Under the Russian Empire Zolotonosha was a centre of trade, crafts and agriculture. Between 1860 and 1897 its population increased from 7,200 to 8,700 inhabitants. There was a pogrom in October 1905, which ended with much of the town being burned down and Jews being targeted. During the Ukrainian War of Independence (1917–1921), Zolotonosha was part of the Ukrainian People's Republic and Ukrainian State, before it became part of the Ukrainian SSR, a republic of the Soviet Union. During this period, there were two more pogroms, one on April 24, 1919 committed by local bandits, and another on May 12 committed by Red Army troops. Afterwards it was administratively part of the Kremenchuk Governorate of Ukraine, and after its dissolution of the Poltava Governorate of Ukraine. In 1933 Zolotonosha's population was around 13,000. In 1939, the 2,087 members of the Jewish community comprised 11.4% of the town's total population.
During World War II, Zolotonosha was occupied by Germany from September 1941 to September 1943. In September 1941, 300 Jews were murdered in a mass execution. On 22 November 1941, in Strunkovka, just northwest of the town, more than 3,500 Jews were killed in another massacre. The city was recaptured by the Red Army in September 1943.
Under the Soviet rule Zolotonosha served as a centre of mechanical and processing industry, housing an agricultural school. When the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991, the city became part of independent Ukraine.
Distribution of the population by native language according to the 2001 census:
Text from the Wikipedia article “Zolotonosha”, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.