Founding
town in Neamț County, Romania
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Târgu Neamț (Romanian pronunciation: [ˌtɨrɡu ˈne̯amt͡s]; German: Niamtz, Hungarian: Németvásár, Hebrew: טרגו ניאמץ, Latin: Ante Castrum Nempch) is a town in Neamț County, Western Moldavia, Romania, on the river Neamț. It had, as of 2021, a population of 18,029. Three villages are administered by the town: Blebea, Humulești, and Humuleștii Noi.
Originally a market town, hence its name (in Romanian "târg" = market), it had an important role in Moldavian culture. It was first mentioned in a late-14th century document.
The name neamț is a generic name of Slavic origin for the German people in the Romanian language. This has led to speculation of a German foundation of Târgu Neamț, according to which Saxon colonists crossed the Carpathians from the Bistrița area and built a commercial township. Some Romanian historians, including Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu consider that Târgu Neamț was probably a German settlement from the 13th century, when the Teutonic Order made incursions from Transylvania against the Cumanic peoples that were living in Moldavia.
The town is located at the crossing of two national roads: DN15B and DN15C . The planned East-West Motorway will bypass the town on its south when completed, providing access to Iași (to the east) and Târgu Mureș to the west. The railroad station is the terminus station of CFR Line 517 linking it to Pașcani via an electrified railway.
Târgu Neamț has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Köppen: Dfb), being located in the Neamț Depression. It is a basin enclosed by the Carpathian Mountains to the west and by the Subcarpathian hills and ridges to the north and east. These surrounding landforms act as natural barriers to subpolar and continental air masses, creating a sheltered local climate.
Situated at 47°12′ N latitude, Târgu Neamț receives moderate levels of solar radiation throughout the year. This is further enhanced by the predominantly southeast-facing slopes. The area's atmospheric circulation is mainly influenced by maritime air masses arriving from the west and northwest. After crossing the Carpathian Mountains, these air masses become more continental in character and lose part of their moisture. Continental air masses from the east and northeast are also common, bringing cold winters and hot, dry summers. The region is periodically affected by outbreaks of subpolar air from the north, as well as cold air associated with cyclones moving eastward from Western Europe. However, the town's sheltered location reduces the impact of these extreme weather conditions.
The mean annual air temperature is 8.2 °C (46.8 °F). January is the coldest month, with an average temperature of −3.8 °C (25.2 °F), while July is the warmest, averaging 19.5 °C (67.1 °F). The mean annual temperature range is 23.3 °C (41.9 °F), reflecting the area's moderate humid continental climate. The lowest temperature ever recorded in Târgu Neamț was −29.1 °C (−20.4 °F) on 2 January 1909, while the highest was 37.0 °C (98.6 °F) on 17 August 1952.
Text from the Wikipedia article “Târgu Neamț”, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.