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Founding
Founding of Longueuil
city in Montérégie, Quebec, Canada
- 1657 – 1848
- North America
Founding
city in Montérégie, Quebec, Canada
Fetching the article from Wikipedia…
Longueuil (French pronunciation: [lɔ̃ɡœj] ⓘ) is a city in the province of Quebec, Canada. It is the seat of the Montérégie administrative region and the central city of the urban agglomeration of Longueuil. It sits on the south shore of the Saint Lawrence River directly across from Montreal. The population as of the Canada 2021 Census totalled 254,483, making it Montreal's second largest suburb, the fifth most populous city in Quebec and twentieth largest in Canada.
Charles Le Moyne founded Longueuil as a seigneurie in 1657. It would become a parish in 1845, a village in 1848, a town in 1874 and a city in 1920. Between 1961 and 2002, Longueuil's borders grew three times, as it was amalgamated with surrounding municipalities; there was a strong de-amalgamation in 2006 (see 2000–2006 municipal reorganization in Quebec).
Longueuil is a residential, commercial and industrial city. It incorporates some urban features, but is essentially a suburb. Longueuil can be classified as a commuter town as a large portion of its residents commute to work in Montreal. Most buildings are single-family homes constructed in the post-war period. The city consists of three boroughs: Le Vieux-Longueuil, Saint-Hubert and Greenfield Park.
Longueuil is the seat of the judicial district of Longueuil. Residents of the city are called Longueuillois.
The territory of New France was divided into seigneuries in order to ensure the colony's defence. Longueuil was founded in 1657 by Charles Le Moyne, a merchant from Ville-Marie (present day Montreal), as a seigneurie. According to Abbé Faillon, Charles Le Moyne, lord of the area starting in 1657, named Longueuil after the village of Longueil (note slightly different spelling) which is today the seat of a canton in the district of Dieppe in his homeland of Normandy.
His son, Charles Le Moyne de Longueuil, built Fort Longueuil as his fortified residence. It was constructed of stone between 1685 and 1690 and had four towers.
Fort Longueuil was believed to be occupied by American troops during the American Revolutionary War. It was subsequently occupied by the British. It was demolished in 1810 due to its poor condition. The archaeological remains of Fort Longueuil were recognized as a National Historic Site of Canada on May 25, 1923. The site extends beneath the present-day Saint-Antoine-de-Padoue Cathedral.
The seigneurial system ended in 1845 and Longueuil was turned into a parish municipality named Saint-Antoine-de-Longueuil. In 1848, a portion detached from the parish and officially established as the village of Longueuil. This same village became a town in 1874, and then a city in 1920. Musician Paul Pratt notably served as the city's mayor from 1935 to 1966.
Longueuil's city limits expanded for the first time in 1961 when it merged with Montréal-Sud, and again in 1969 when it merged with Ville Jacques-Cartier. In both cases, Longueuil was chosen as the name of the new city.
On January 1, 2002, as part of the 2000–2006 municipal reorganization in Quebec, the provincial government amalgamated the former Longueuil with Boucherville, Brossard, Greenfield Park, LeMoyne, Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville, Saint-Hubert and Saint-Lambert. As with the 1960s, the name Longueuil was chosen for the new city. However, after a change of government and a 2004 referendum, Boucherville, Brossard, Saint-Lambert and Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville were re-constituted as independent cities on January 1, 2006. As such, the current city of Longueuil now includes only the former cities of Longueuil (1969–2001), Saint-Hubert, Greenfield Park, and LeMoyne.
Longueuil occupies 115.59 square kilometres (44.6 sq mi) of land. The city is bordered by the cities of Saint-Lambert to the west, Brossard to the southwest, Boucherville to the northeast, Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville to the east, and the Saint Lawrence River and Montreal to the northwest. The city of Longueuil is located approximately 7 kilometres (5 mi) east of Montreal on the south shore of the Saint Lawrence River.
Longueuil is located in the Saint Lawrence River valley, and is a vast plain. Areas near the river were originally swamp land with mixed forest, and later prime agricultural land. Agricultural land still exists in the portions of the city furthest from the river.
The city of Longueuil also includes Île Charron, a small island in the Saint Lawrence River, and part of the Boucherville Islands.
Street addresses in Longueuil increase west and east from the Chemin de Chambly, with suffixes of "Ouest" and "Est" used on east–west streets that cross it, and south from the Saint Lawrence River. (As in Montreal, the local cardinal directions are skewed to align with the shore of the river, and local grid "north" is closer to geographic northwest.)
Like Montreal, Longueuil is classified as humid continental or hemiboreal (Köppen climate classification Dfb). Longueuil has long winters, lasting from November to March, short springs during April and May, average summers, lasting from June to August, and short autumns during September and October.
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Longueuil had a population of 254,483 living in 113,086 of its 117,006 total private dwellings, a change of 6.1% from its 2016 population of 239,897. With a land area of 115.77 km2 (44.70 sq mi), it had a population density of 2,198.2/km2 (5,693.3/sq mi) in 2021.
Canada census – Longueuil community profile
References: 2021 2016 2011
Of the 147,805 workers in Longueuil, the median income was $36,400, which is above Quebec's provincial average of $36,000. Among the 69,945 full-time workers, the median income was $58,000 or slightly below the provincial average. Several of Montreal's most impoverished neighborhoods are located in Longueuil.
As of the 2021 Canadian Census, French was the mother tongue language of 71.9% of Longueuil's residents while English was the first language of 5.8%. Other languages were spoken by 17.8% of the population, with the most spoken being Spanish (4.5%), Arabic (2.9%), Romanian (0.9%), Haitian Creole (0.9%), Portuguese (0.8%), Mandarin (0.8%), Russian (0.7%) and Dari (0.7%). These figures include multiple responses.
People of European origins made up 73.4% of the population in 2021. The largest visible minority groups are Black (9.9%), Latin American (4.6%), Arab (4.4%), Chinese (1.7%), Indigenous (1.3%), and West Asian (1.1%).
Longueuil is particularly strong in the aerospace industry. It is home to the headquarters of both Pratt & Whitney Canada and Héroux-Devtek. Pratt & Whitney Canada is Longueuil's top employer with 5,000 employees, while Héroux-Devtek has 550 employees. Also located in Longueuil is the headquarters of the Canadian Space Agency (John H. Chapman Space Center), adjacent to Montréal/Saint-Hubert Airport. Pascan Aviation has its headquarters in Saint-Hubert. Other companies based in Longueuil include Agropur, Innergex Renewable Energy, EBOX and the Canadian subsidiary of Hasbro.
In 2002 Artemano Canada, a home furnishing company was founded, with warehouse & distribution centre located in Longueuil. In 2008, Canadian Business ranked Longueuil as the 30th best place to do business in Canada.
The Longueuil International Percussion Festival, which features 500 musicians, takes place over six days in July in the neighbourhood of Old Longueuil, and draws 200,000 visitors per year.
There are three nature parks in Longueuil, Parc Marie-Victorin and Parc Michel-Chartrand in Le Vieux-Longueuil and Parc de la Cité in Saint-Hubert. It is also home to a wildlife reserve, the Boisé du Tremblay, which is partially in Le Vieux-Longueuil and partially in Boucherville.
There are seven arenas: Cynthia Coull Arena in Greenfield Park; Aréna Émile-Butch-Bouchard, Aréna Jacques-Cartier, Aréna Olympia and Colisée Jean Béliveau in Le Vieux-Longueuil; and Centre sportif Gaétan-Boucher and Centre sportif Rosanne-Laflamme in Saint-Hubert.
Notable places of worship include the Roman Catholic Co-Cathedral of Saint-Antoine-de-Padoue, the Église Nouvelle vie evangelical church, Saint-Hubert Church, and the Montréal Québec Temple of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
The mayor is Catherine Fournier. She is the fifth mayor of Longueuil since the 2002 merger. The previous mayor was Sylvie Parent, who was elected on Nov. 5, 2017. Businessman Jacques Olivier who once served as Minister of Labour served as mayor from 2002 until 2005. The second mayor of Longueuil was Claude Gladu, serving from 2006 to 2009. He also happened to be mayor of the former city of Longueuil from 1994 to 2002. Former member of the House of Commons of Canada, Caroline St-Hilaire was the third mayor from 2009 to 2017.
The city's three boroughs are Le Vieux-Longueuil, Greenfield Park and Saint-Hubert. In total there are 26 city councillors, including one borough president each. Greenfield Park has three councillors and its borough president is Mireille Carrière of Action Longueuil. Saint-Hubert has eight councillors and its borough president is Lorraine Guay-Boivin of Action Longueuil. Le Vieux-Longueuil has fifteen councillors and its borough president is Michel Desjardins of the Parti municipal de Longueuil.
Longueuil's city hall is located in the borough of Saint-Hubert, on the edge of the city.
Federally, Longueuil is part of three electoral districts. The riding of Longueuil—Charles-LeMoyne, is represented by Sherry Romanado. The riding of Longueuil-Saint-Hubert is represented by Pierre Nantel. The riding of Montarville, is represented by Michel Picard.
Provincially, Longueuil is represented in four electoral districts. The electoral district of Laporte includes the boroughs of Greenfield Park and Saint-Hubert, and is represented by Nicole Ménard of the Quebec Liberal Party. The electoral district of Marie-Victorin, which includes the western portion of Le Vieux-Longueuil, is represented by Catherine Fournier of the Parti Québécois (PQ). The electoral district of Taillon, which covers the eastern portion of Le Vieux-Longueuil is represented by Marie Malavoy of the PQ. The electoral district of Vachon, which covers the borough of Saint-Hubert, is represented by Martine Ouellet of the PQ.
According to the 2006 Census, about 39,485 city residents (17.2% of the total population) commute to work in Montreal on a daily basis, while only 38,090 residents (16.6%) work in the city itself. A further 6,915 residents (3.0%) work in Boucherville every day, 4,775 (2.1%) work in Brossard, 2,795 (1.2%) in Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville, and 1,815 (0.8%) work in Saint-Lambert, the four other constituent cities of the Longueuil agglomeration.
By contrast only 8,845 people commute from Montreal to work in Longueuil every day, while 4,080 people commute from Brossard to work in Longueuil, 2,940 people commute from Boucherville, 2,090 from Sainte-Julie, 1,825 from Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville, 1,815 from Chambly, and 1,810 from Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu.
The Saint Lawrence River between the Island of Montreal and the south shore is traversed by only five automobile crossings. Two of these are in Longueuil, the Louis Hippolyte Lafontaine Tunnel (part of Autoroute 25) and the Jacques Cartier Bridge (part of Route 134).
Autoroute 20 is an important highway in Longueuil, bordering the Saint Lawrence River in the Le Vieux-Longueuil borough, where it co-exists with Autoroute René-Lévesque (Route 132), and finally heading eastward toward Boucherville. Autoroute 30 crosses the Saint-Hubert borough in the southern part of the city, between the cities of Brossard and Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville.
Route 116 is another major highway, with its western terminus located in LeMoyne, heading east through the borough of Saint-Hubert toward Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville. Route 112 co-exists with Route 116 from LeMoyne to Cousineau Boulevard in Saint-Hubert, where it heads southeast toward Carignan. Route 134 is a major artery, perhaps better known by its more common names: the Jacques Cartier Bridge on the portion crossing the Saint-Lawrence River, and Taschereau Boulevard which connects the bridge to all three boroughs of Longueuil, and southward toward the city of Brossard.
The Réseau de transport de Longueuil (RTL) provides bus service in Longueuil. There are 80 bus routes and 12 shared taxi routes, with a ridership of approximately 18 million passengers in 2022. Ridership prior to the COVID-19 pandemic was approximately 30 million passengers. Almost all bus lines of the RTL terminate at the Longueuil Bus Terminus, or the Panama REM station in nearby Brossard. Prior to the opening of the REM South Shore branch, many buses normally terminating at Panama station crossed the Champlain Bridge during peak hours to arrive at the Terminus Centre-Ville in downtown Montreal (under the 1000 de la Gauchetière office tower, at Bonaventure Metro).
Text from the Wikipedia article “Longueuil”, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.