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Founding
Founding of Horodok
city in Lviv Oblast, Ukraine
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- Europe
Founding
city in Lviv Oblast, Ukraine
Fetching the article from Wikipedia…
Horodok (Ukrainian: Городок, IPA: [ɦoroˈdɔk] ⓘ; Polish: Gródek Jagielloński) is a city in Lviv Raion, Lviv Oblast, western Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Horodok urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Located to the west of Lviv on the river Vereshytsia, which forms a large pond in the area, the city has a population of 16,085 (2022 estimate).
Horodok was first mentioned by Nestor the Chronicler in the Primary Chronicle. During the 13-14th centuries it served as an important fortification of Galicia-Volhynia. The Galician–Volhynian Chronicle mentions that the King Daniel of Galicia came to Horodok with his forces to join Mstislav Mstislavich the Bold while they fought with Polish-Hungarians over the Galician land.
In the mid-14th century, together with whole Kingdom of Rus, the settlement was annexed by the Kingdom of Poland. Its name was changed to Gródek, and it remained in Poland for the next 400 years. In 1372, King Władysław II Jagiełło founded here a Roman Catholic parish. During this reign, Gródek also received Magdeburg rights. This was the place where King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania Jagiełło died on 1 June 1434.
Until the First Partition of Poland, Gródek was administratively located in the Ruthenian Voivodeship in the Lesser Poland Province. During the 16-17th centuries an Orthodox brotherhood and school were active in the town. A battle between Ukrainian Cossack and Polish forces took place here in 1655, in which hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky defeated Polish forces and then laid siege to Lviv.
In 1772, Gródek was annexed by the Habsburg Empire, as part of Austrian Galicia, where it remained until late 1918. It was a district centre under Austrian rule. German-speaking settlers established their own colony, called Vorderberg (1788). Austrian authorities closed local Franciscan monastery, turning it into a military depot. In 1903, a monument to Władysław II Jagiełło was unveiled here, and in 1906, the name of the town was changed from Gródek to Gródek Jagielloński, in honour of the king. During World War I, Horodok was twice the location of fierce battles: In the Battle of Gródek (1914), the advancing Russian army captured the town from Austria-Hungary, and a year later, a combined German and Austro-Hungarian force fought the Russians in the Battle of Gródek (1915).
During the Polish-Ukrainian War in 1919 Horodok was contested due to its role as an important point on the Lviv-Przemyśl Railway. In the Second Polish Republic, Gródek was the seat of a county in Lwów Voivodeship. The town had three Roman Catholic churches, one Greek-Catholic, and a synagogue. It also was a military garrison, where a unit of Polish Army’s 5th Infantry Division was stationed. According to the 1921 census, Poles made 72% of the population, Ukrainians 26%, and Jews 2%.
During the Invasion of Poland, Gródek was captured by the Wehrmacht on 13 September 1939, and later taken over by the Red Army. In 1939–1941, Russian-communist repressed the peaceful population of the city, especially against representatives of the Polish intelligentsia. It was then recaptured by the Germans in 1941. At this time, the Jewish population of Gródek was approximately 5,000 people, or 800 families. During the summer of 1942, approximately half of the Jews in Gródek were murdered by the Nazis assisted, in some cases, by their local Ukrainian auxiliaries. The remainder were shot and buried in mass graves on 3 February 1943 in the final liquidation of the Jewish ghetto in the town. Only a few Jews survived the war.
From 1945 to 1991, Gródek was a part of the Soviet Union, and returned to its historical name of Horodok. Since 1991 it has been part of Ukraine.
Until 18 July 2020, Horodok was the administrative center of Horodok Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Lviv Oblast to seven. The area of Horodok Raion was merged into Lviv Raion.
Horodok is twinned with:
Text from the Wikipedia article “Horodok, Lviv Oblast”, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.