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Hindu state, ruled by the Chachas
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The Chach or Chacha dynasty (c. 632–712), also called the Silaij dynasty, was a Hindu dynasty that ruled the regions of Sindh, Makran and Multan after overthrowing the Buddhist Rai dynasty. Most of the information about its existence comes from the Chachnama, a historical account of the dynasty.
Members of the dynasty, such as Hullishāh and Shishah, continued to administer parts of Sindh under the Umayyad Caliphate's province of Sind after it fell in 712.
The dynasty was founded by a Brahmin named Chach, son of Silaij, after he married the widow of Rai Sahasi II and usurped the Buddhist Rai dynasty. His claim was further secured by the killing of Rai Sahasi II's brother.
The casus belli for the Umayyad invasion were pirates from Sindh, known as Bawarij, seizing tribute sent from the king of Serendib to the Umayyad caliph. For the campaign, caliph Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan granted a large army to the governor al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf, but no attempt was made to annex Sindh due to the caliph's death. Under his son and successor al-Walid I, the general Muhammad ibn al-Qasim led the invasion of Sindh in 712.
During the invasion, local Buddhist clans who maintained loyalty to the previous Rai dynasty, such as the Zuṭṭ, allied themselves with the Umayyads against Raja Dahir. The last Hindu king of Sindh, Dahir was killed during the battle of Aror and Sindh was annexed into the Umayyad Caliphate. However, significant medieval Muslim chronicles such as the Chachnama, Zainul-Akhbar and Tarikh-i Bayhaqi refute this, as those have recorded battles between Jats and forces of Muhammad ibn al-Qasim. During the battle of Aror (Rohri) Muhammad ibn al-Qasim was met by Dahir's forces and the eastern Jats in battle.
The known rulers of the Brahmin dynasty are:
Under the Umayyad Caliphate:
Text from the Wikipedia article “Chacha Empire”, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.